Scrum Theory and Principles: The Empirical Foundation
Scrum is built on a solid theoretical foundation rooted in empirical process control - the idea that knowledge comes from experience and decisions should be based on what is observed. Understanding Scrum theory is essential for applying the Scrum framework effectively and passing the PSM-1 certification.
Quick Answer: Core Scrum Principles
| Principle | Description | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Empiricism | Knowledge from experience | Decisions based on observation, not prediction |
| Transparency | Visibility of all aspects | Shared understanding of work and processes |
| Inspection | Regular examination | Frequent checkpoints to detect variances |
| Adaptation | Adjusting based on findings | Quick response when issues are detected |
| Self-Organization | Teams manage their own work | Team decides how to accomplish goals |
| Time-Boxing | Fixed time containers | All events have maximum durations |
The Three Pillars of Scrum
Scrum is founded on three pillars that support every implementation of empirical process control:
1. Transparency
- All significant aspects of the process must be visible to those responsible for the outcome
- Requires a common language so all participants share understanding
- The Definition of Done provides transparency on quality standards
2. Inspection
- Scrum artifacts and progress must be inspected frequently
- Inspection enables detection of undesirable variances
- All Scrum events are designed for inspection
3. Adaptation
- When inspection reveals that aspects deviate outside acceptable limits, adjustments must be made
- Adjustments should be made as soon as possible to minimize further deviation
- Empowered, self-managing teams adapt quickly and effectively
Why Theory Matters for Practice
Teams that understand Scrum theory can:
- Make better decisions about how to apply the framework
- Adapt intelligently when facing unique situations
- Avoid cargo cult Scrum (doing ceremonies without understanding purpose)
- Coach others on the reasoning behind Scrum practices
Connection to Scrum Values
Scrum theory and the Scrum values work together:
- Openness enables transparency
- Courage enables honest inspection
- Commitment enables meaningful adaptation
- Respect enables self-organization
- Focus enables time-boxing discipline
Explore each principle in depth below to build the theoretical foundation needed for PSM-1 success and effective Scrum practice.
Scrum History and Principles